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Utilization of hydrodynamic cavitation for water treatment
Balko, Marek ; Kozák, Jiří (referee) ; Rudolf, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the observation of features of cavitation with emphasis on the hydrodynamical cavitation and its use for eliminating unwanted and badly degradable compounds from water. Thanks to high temperature and pressures that are present at a colapse of cavitation bubbles the water decomposes into highly reactive hydroxile radicals which are able to decompose even. This effect can furthermore be strenghtened by the use of advanced oxidation processes – AOP. The experimental part of thesis is dedicated to examining a ability of hydrodynamical cavitation degrade particular chemical substance from water, namely estrogen.
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Utilization of hydrodynamic cavitation for water treatment
Balko, Marek ; Kozák, Jiří (referee) ; Rudolf, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the observation of features of cavitation with emphasis on the hydrodynamical cavitation and its use for eliminating unwanted and badly degradable compounds from water. Thanks to high temperature and pressures that are present at a colapse of cavitation bubbles the water decomposes into highly reactive hydroxile radicals which are able to decompose even. This effect can furthermore be strenghtened by the use of advanced oxidation processes – AOP. The experimental part of thesis is dedicated to examining a ability of hydrodynamical cavitation degrade particular chemical substance from water, namely estrogen.
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Causes currently increased incidence of thyroid carcinomas
Škarková, Barbora ; Brynychová, Iva (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Šárka (referee)
The thyroid carcinoma incidence has currently multiplied and the largest increase was recorded for thyroid papillary carcinoma. The aim of this work is to discuss factors increasing the risk of thyroid carcinoma. The only confirmed risk of developing this form of carcinoma is ionizing radiation mostly in connection with nuclear attacks and nuclear power plants disasters. Other risk factors include iodine intake and the influence of nitrates, both of which act as separate risk factors and also as factors increasing the risk potential of ionizing radiation. Thyroid carcinoma occur 3 times more frequently in women, therefore the risk factors specific for females, such as estrogens, assisted reproduction methods, pregnancy and hysterectomy, are also discussed. Hypothyroidism and Hashimoto's thyroiditis have a significant association with thyroid carcinomas while controversial factors are risky elements of lifestyle and nutrition (eg smoking, cruciferous vegetables, high glycemic index and body weigh index). A high incidence of thyroid carcinomas was found in volcanic areas in connection with the effects of heavy metals contained in lava. Another high incidence was recorded in the areas with low average annual temperatures. One of the reasons for the increase in the incidence of thyroid carcinoma is...
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Selected differences in pathophysiology of cardiovascular system in women
Yang, Shiann-Guey ; Kittnar, Otomar (advisor) ; Ošťádal, Petr (referee) ; Danzig, Vilém (referee)
(summary of doctoral dissertation) It has become increasingly apparent in recent years that there are important differences of many cardiovascular disorders including ventricular tachycardias in men and women. Gender differences have been observed in the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical presentation of various ventricular arrhythmias. Physiological menopause occurs as a part of a woman's normal aging process being based on the natural cessation of estradiol and progesterone production by the ovaries. The dramatic fall in circulating estrogens levels at menopause impacts many tissues including cardiovascular system. Because the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) rises significantly after menopause, it has been hypothesized that women's CHD advantage before menopause (in comparison to men of the same age) could be due to the protective effects of estrogens. However, controversial results have been reported since early nineties until today. While some studies found reduction in the incidence of CHD and in mortality from cardiovascular diseases some other studies failed to provide any evidence for an independent role of estradiol levels in determining CHD in postmenopausal women and some studies even found positive association of endogenous estradiol with the risk of CHD among women above...
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Non-invasive methods for sex and steroid homones determination in gibbons of the genus Nomascus
Bolechová, Petra ; Bartoš, Luděk (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
The gibbon primates of the family Nomascus are classified as critically endangered species, and, to date, basic understanding and information about their biology is missing. With regard to the status of these animals in the wild and captive populations in zoos, being familiar with their reproduction, may improve captive breeding programs. Data collection in this study was to be carried out by the practical use of non-invasive methods (polymerase chain reaction for DNA extraction and enzyme immunoassays), using faecal samples for analysis. The first method, polymerase chain reaction, was used for sex determination in juveniles, because of their coat colour and visual similarity of secondary sex characteristic in both sexes; it is not possible to determinate sex without handling the animal. Another main purpose of this study is to try and answer the hypothesis regarding the ovarian cycle of females, factors influencing their hormone concentration and also the onset of sexual maturity in females and the timing of their fur colour change. Hypotheses were checked by monitoring the concentration of progesterone and oestrogen faecal metabolites and by evaluation of the composition of breeding groups of gibbons with the ZOO influence. During a four year period (from 2010 till 2014), there were a total of 51 animals analysed from 16 different zoos with a faecal sample count totalling 1618 samples. The results confirmed the use of noninvasive methods for sex determination, and thus ensuring the maximum welfare standards. Endocrinological analysis confirmed the hypothesis of the influence of the environment (ZOO) to the hormone concentrations and female´s pregnancy effect in conjunction with her age on the final results of the male - father hormone concentrations. The initial information in this study is the confirmation of the onset of ovarian cycle in young females without connection to their fur colour change and a significant factor of a mother´s impact and her territoriality. This study is the first to present a long term monitoring of ovarian cycles in females and hormone concentrations of other individuals, both male and female, and from various age groups. The results allow us to understand the possible impact of zoo environments on the reproductive status of these gibbons and contribute to the general improvement of breeding management.
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Possibilities of removal of selected estrogens from water using
Maršálková, Eliška ; Maršálek, Blahoslav ; Endo, Valentina ; Godoy Alonso, Paula ; Jančula, Daniel
Advanced wastewater treatment technologies are focused on removal of micropolutants such as pharmaceuticals, estrogen disrupting compounds etc. To protect public health it is not possible to stop using pharmaceuticals, but it is necessary to find environmental friendly technologies which can remove or reducce these compounds. So called green technology and ferrates belongs to this treatment. It was found that estrogenes are reduced/removed from wastewater with different efficiency by common processes as it is shown in this paper. Processes using vegetative treatment and activated sludge treatment are compared. Results of estrogen removal by zerovalent iron and hexavalent iron are introduced.
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Hodnocení stavu životního prostředí: Monitoring cizorodých látek v potravních řetězcích: Pilotní studie
Vysoká škola chemicko-technologická v Praze, Praha ; Suchánek, Miloslav ; Hajšlová, Jana ; Volka, Karel
Jsou obsaženy 4 analytické studie: D.7 Zhodnocení incidence environmentálních estrogenů ve Vltavě a Labi ve vztahu k biologickým efektům na biotu - zatížení vodního ekosystému (řeky Vltavy, Labe a Tiché Orlice) persistentními chlorovanými xenobiotiky s estrogenní aktivitou, D.8 Aplikace techniky LC/MS pro sledování vlivu prioritních environmentálních kontaminantů na vybrané složky životního prostředí - popis hmotnostně spektrometrické techniky ve spojení s technikou kapalinové chromatometrie, D.9 Vzorkovací pokus s živými biomarkery - testování možnosti využití krve živé zvěře pro účely biomonitoringu, D.10 Hodnocení zátěže ekosystému estery ftalové kyseliny v blízkosti bodového zdroje - validace analytického postupu pro stanovení esterů ftalové kyseliny v tereristické vegetaci využívající k extrakci metodu SFE, aplikace metody SPME pro analýzu vzorků vod, validace metody pro stanovení ftalátů v půdě, kalech sedimentech využívající metodu ASE, vyšetření složek ekosystému na obsah jednotlivých esterů ftalové kyseliny v okolí potenciálního zdroje znečištění, zhodnocení nálezů ftalátů.
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